Bibliografía multidisciplinar de la frontera hispano-portuguesa

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

O objetivo desta pesquisa é o de dar a conhecer um projeto, ainda em fase embrionária e que visa estudar diversos aspetos da prosódia do idioma mirandês. Enquadrando-se no Projeto AMPER (Atlas Multimédia da Prosódia do Espaço Românico), cuja metodologia lhe servirá de base, esta pesquisa pretende, para além de dar a conhecer melhor a língua mirandesa, elaborar um atlas prosódico do mirandês seguindo critérios que permitam a comparação com outras línguas românicas que fazem parte do referido Projeto. O corpus a gravar, no terreno, tem por base o já definido para o projeto AMPER-POR (AMPER para a língua portuguesa). Palavras-chave: AMPER, geoprosódia, fonética experimental, acústica, língua mirandesa.

The purpose of this research is to divulge a project, still in an embryonic form, that aims at studying various aspects of Mirandês language prosody. The project is within the scope of the AMPER Project (Multimedia Prosodic Atlas of Romance Languages), whose methodology will be adopted, and the research aims to raise awareness of Mirandês, in order to draft a prosodic atlas for this language, following criteria that allow for the comparison with other Romance languages that are part of the project. The corpus to be recorded locally is based on the criteria already defined for the AMPER-POR project (AMPER for the Portuguese language). Keywords: AMPER, prosody, experimental phonetics, acoustics, mirandês.

[Sinopsis reproducida de BILEGA]

Proposta de planificación lingüística que presenta a Ponencia de Lingua do Consello da Cultura Galega ao Ministerio de Educación e Ciencia referente á implantación do galego no ensino nas zonas galegofalantes de Asturias, León e Zamora, tendo en conta a situación social desvantaxosa que presenta nestas comunidades. Foi aprobada por unanimidade no pleno do Consello da Cultura Galega celebrado en Santiago o día 5 de outubro de 1990. Abrangue os ámbitos da Educación Infantil, a Educación Primaria e a Educación Secundaria e propugna a creación de tres comisións de normalización que velen polo cumprimento das medidas propostas: inclusión do galego como materia de ensino nun programa experimental de tres anos, incorporación das materias de Lingua e Literatura Galegas como obrigatorias aos plans de reforma do ensino etc.

ÍNDICE: I. Introducción | II. Delimitación del ámbito de actuación y caracterización de su estado actual | III. Estrategias eco-sistémicas para la generación de un corredor verde pirítico en el Bajo Guadiana. Conclusiones | Bibliografía

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

Olivenza Spanish (OLI-SPA) and Olivenza Portuguese (OLI-PORT), spoken in Olivenza (Extremadura), provide remarkable examples of Spanish-Portuguese contact. They are said to be influenced by one another due to the existence of Spanish‐Portuguese bilingualism in this area until the middle of the 20th century (Matias, 2001; Sánchez Fernández, 1997). This study investigates the intonation and the speech rhythm of OLI-SPA, spoken by monolingual speakers, and of OLI-PORT, spoken by the ‘last’ Olivenza’s bilingual speakers (all older than 60 years). Its goal is to examine if and to what extent prosodic features that are typical of Portuguese and Spanish, respectively, show up in OLI-SPA and OLI-PORT. It is hypothesized that the prosody of both varieties is crucially influenced by the contact language (Portuguese or Spanish). In order to detect the traces of the long‐lasting contact, OLI-SPA and OLI-PORT are compared with another Portuguese variety: the Portuguese spoken in Évora (Alentejo), which, in turn, is not influenced by Spanish.
Regarding speech rhythm, it was shown that Standard Portuguese (STA-PORT) has mixed rhythm exhibiting great durational variability of consonantal intervals that places it in the stress-timed class, but variability and proportion of vocalic intervals that locates it in the syllable-timed class (Frota & Vigário, 2001). Thus, it is hypothesized that both OLI-SPA and OLI-PORT have syllable-timed rhythm, like Castilian Spanish (CAST-SPA) (see Benet et al., 2012 for CAST-SPA). Intonational differences between CAST-SPA and STA-PORT concern, e.g.: 1. The pitch accent distribution in declaratives (stressed syllables between the first and last one of the IP tend to be accentless in STA-PORT, in contrast to CAST-SPA) (Vigário & Frota, 2004); 2. The tonal realization of the nuclear contour in broad focus statements (L* L% in CAST-SPA vs. H+L* L% in STA-PORT); 3. The realization of nuclear contours in neutral yes-no questions (L* HH% in CAST-SPA vs. H+L* LH% in STA-PORT); 4. The realization of nuclear contours in neutral wh-questions (L* L% or L* HH% in CASTSPA vs. H+L* L% or H+L* LH% in STA-PORT) (see Estebas-Vilaplana & Prieto, 2010 for CAST-SPA and Vigário & Frota, 2004 for STA-PORT); 5. The prosodic phrasing patterns in simple SVO declaratives ((S)(VO) in CAST-SPA vs. (SVO) in STA-PORT) (D’Imperio et al., 2005); and among others.
Preliminary results on OLI-SPA prosody have shown that OLI-SPA has a syllable-timed rhythm. Interestingly, vowel reduction was attested in unstressed syllables in OLI-SPA. Regarding the intonational differences between CAST-SPA and STA-PORT presented here, it was found out that: 1. Only 25% of the IP-internal stressed syllables were desaccented in the OLI-SPA data; 2. Broad focus statements were produced with a L* L% nuclear contour; 3. The most frequent nuclear contours in neutral yes-no questions in OLI-SPA are L* HH% (47.5%) and H+L* HL% (or H+L* L%) (37.5%); 4. The most common nuclear contours in neutral wh-questions in OLI-SPA are H+L* L% (55.5%) and L* HH% (28%). 5. The predominant prosodic pattern in OLI-SPA is (SVO) (occurring in 70% of the cases).
These findings can be interpreted as follows: First, OLI-SPA seems to be influenced by Portuguese in exhibiting vowel reduction and the (SVO) prosodic phrasing. Second, it appears to have generated both prosodic features typical of Spanish and of Portuguese (see the realization of broad focus statements, neutral yes-no questions, and neutral wh-questions) which can be interpreted as result of convergence between the intonational systems of Spanish and Portuguese. Nevertheless, the current study is in progress. Thus, a further step is to provide the analysis of the intonation and speech rhythm of Olivenza Portuguese and Évora Portuguese.

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

The contact varieties Olivenza Portuguese and Olivenza Spanish, spoken in the border area between Extremadura (Spain) and Alto Alentejo (Portugal), have long been disregarded in research on both intonation and speech rhythm. The present work aims to fill this gap by investigating the intonation and the speech rhythm of Olivenza Portuguese spoken by bilingual speakers and of Olivenza Spanish spoken by monolingual speakers and by offering a detailed description of the intonational and rhythmic patterns of these two contact varieties. Such a description contributes, first, to a better knowledge of the varieties spoken in the Romance space, second, to a documentation of a dying variety, namely Olivenza Portuguese, and third, to a better understanding of how prosodic systems in language contact situations change. To achieve the goals presented above, semi-spontaneous speech recorded from ten bilingual speakers of Olivenza Portuguese and ten monolingual speakers of Olivenza Spanish was examined. The material analyzed with respect to both intonation and speech rhythm includes neutral and biased declaratives, neutral and biased yes-no questions, neutral and biased wh-questions, echo questions, and imperatives. The intonational analysis, carried out within the Autosegmental-Metrical model and the ToBI framework (cf. Pierrehumbert 1980; Beckman & Pierrehumbert 1986; Silverman et al. 1992; Ladd 1996, 2008; Beckman et al. 2005, among many others), provides a description of the phonetic realization and the phonological representation of pitch accents and boundary tones. The rhythmic analysis is based on the calculation of the following rhythm metrics: %V, VarcoV, VarcoC, VnPVI, CrPVI, and CnPVI (cf. Ramus et al. 1999; Grabe & Low 2002; Dellwo & Wagner 2003; Ferragne & Pellegrino 2004; Dellwo 2006; White & Mattys 2007a; Kinoshita & Sheppard 2011, among others). According to the findings of this study, Olivenza Portuguese and Olivenza Spanish show similarities concerning, first, the prosodic phrasing and the durational properties of neutral SVO declarative sentences, second, the tonal realization of numerous sentence types (e.g., neutral SVO declarative sentences, contrastive focus statements, exclamative statements, information-seeking yes-no questions, exclamative yes-no questions with counterexpectational meaning, confirmation-seeking yes-no questions, information-seeking wh-questions, exclamative wh-questions, imperative wh-questions, echo yes-no questions, echo whquestions, and commands), and third, the rhythmic properties of declaratives, interrogatives, and imperatives.

The discussion of the results of the present work in the light of language contact allowed the assumptions that, first, the prosody of the current variety of Olivenza Portuguese can be interpreted as the outcome of wholesale convergence between the (Olivenza) Portuguese and the Spanish prosodic systems, and second, the prosody of the current variety of Olivenza Spanish can be interpreted as the outcome of both substratum transfer and convergence processes. Furthermore, it can be suggested that all kinds of prosodic features can result from transfer and/or convergence. Finally, on the basis of the assumptions made concerning the change of the intonational system of Olivenza Portuguese, the following hierarchy was proposed (the symbol ‘>’ means ‘more sensitive to change than’): Prenuclear accents > Focus markers > Nuclear configurations > Prosodic phrasing > IP-final lengthening used to convey sentence modality contrasts. Keywords: Olivenza Portuguese, Olivenza Spanish, contact varieties, intonation, speech rhythm, prosodic variation and change.

[Resumo extraido da fonte]

Referem-se as metodologias utilizadas desde a cartografia geológica até à fase de reconhecimento por sondagens. Descrevem-se os guias geológicos utilizados para as diferentes faixas mineiras potenciais, até agora identificadas nas zonas de Ossa-Morena e Sul-Portugesa, e os métodos geofísicos e geoquímicos aplicados com maior êxito. Salientam-se nas faixas referidas mineralizações de pirites complexas (sulfuretos polimetálicos), manganés, cobre, chumbo, zinco, ferro, estanho e volfrâmio nos mais variados enquadramentos geológicos.

ÍNDICE: 1. Considerações gerais | 2. Escalas e cartas geológico-minerais | 3. Guías geológicos (sentido lato) | 4. Zona de Ossa-Morena | 5. Zona Sul-Portuguesa