Multidisciplinary bibliography of the Portugal-Spain border

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The article reflects on the historical concept of frontier and our present idea of it. It focuses on the importance of the frontier in the dynamics of the feudal system in the Iberian peninsula and explores the role played by the crown. The hypothesis here is that the configuration of a coherent socio-political space spans differing yet chronologically juxtaposed phases. Four phases in the process of delimiting the political space are distinguished—military, socio-economic, cultural and political-administrative. New elements combine with the existing ones until a new entity takes shape: the political-administrative system, which is analysed here. In analysing this evolutionary process, an ensemble of Arab historiographic sources, Christian chronicles and fueros and secondary sources, has been used.

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The comitative represents a particular case in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula. Except for Catalan, the rest of varieties possess a redundant form inherited from the evolution of the Latin postposition plus the preposition con (‘with’). However, some authors point out a tendency that favours subject forms or even stressed object forms in persons in which the norm prohibits them. With the aim of finding the vernacular responses to this respect, this paper attempts to account for all the possibilities in the comitative in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula as well as the factors upon which the selection of either strategy depends. Keywords: Comitative, Ibero-Romance, geolinguistics, corpus, dialectology.

ÍNDICE: Acknowledgments | Introduction | Chapter One: Landforms of Northwest and West Iberia | Chapter Two: The Climate of Western Iberia | Chapter Three: The Soils of Northern and Western Iberia | Chapter Four: Vegetation Regions of Northern and Western Iberia | Chapter Five: Prehistoric Immigrants into Iberia | Chapter Six: Early Central European Influences in Iberia | Chapter Seven: Contacts between the Ancient Civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean and Iberia | Chapter Eight: The Period of Roman Conquest and Control | Chapter Nine: The Germanic Conquest | Chapter Ten: Moslem Domination | Chapter Eleven: The Reconquest of Iberia | Chapter Twelve: Final Steps Toward Portuguese Independence | Chapter Thirteen: Completion of the Portuguese State | Chapter Fourteen: Development of Portuguese International Relations | Chapter Fifteen: The Geography of Portugese-Spanish Boundaries | Chapter Sixteen: Environment and Culture | Chapter Seventeen: The Geographical Basis of Portugese Political Independence: A Summation | Biography

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Recent studies on complex social organisations have centred their attention on the dynamics of the social and economic internal development of those societies, while others have placedgreater emphasis on their peculiar cultural and historical contexts. Yet other studies have tried to bring together all possible variables, usig both functional and contextual arguments, in an attempt to turn the archaelogical evidence into a comprehensible whole. The possible vauses for the rise and collapse of the state in certain areas and the occurrence of powerful ruling elites have also become interesting and challenging questions in modern archaeological research. In the Iberian Peninsula, Tartessos seems to have been a filcral area in the general development of the whole South especially that of the South-west. This can be detected both in its own evolutionary process and by the establishment of strong contacts and interaction with different peoples. The increasing demands of its trade networks and the establishment of complex ties of dedpendence between its core and peripherical areas playes a significant role in this development. The dynamics of these processes will be discussed here, and an explanatory model suggested.

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Este texto fala da dança de paus portuguesa conhecida como dança dos paulitos. A análise baseia-se em pesquisas de campo levadas a cabo pela autora em Paris e Portugal entre 2003 e 2007. Aqui, o foco está na dança dos paulitos do concelho de Miranda do Douro situado no Nordeste de Portugal, os chamados Pauliteiros de Miranda. Discute-se como a dança evoluiu de revivificação a processos de patrimonialização e mostra-se como a dança contribuiu para a promoção duma comunidade local e como se tornou num símbolo regional e nacional. É distinguido entre o tipo de revivificação orientado para o objecto e o tipo de revivificação orientado para o processo em que os contextos performativos rituais e folclorísticos da dança são examinados.

ÍNDICE: The dance and its characteristics | Socio-cultural context of the Pauliteiros de Miranda | Field work | The performance contexts of the Pauliteiros de Miranda |Dança dos paulitos as ritual: the dançadores | The dança dos paulitos in folkloristic contexts: the Pauliteiros/ Revival | The Pauliteiros de Miranda os local, regional and national symbol | Regional symbol | Local symbol | National symbol | Conclusion

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The silk industry was historically the most important industrial sector from Trás-os-Montes, with no competition until the 19th century. For centuries, it was the economic activity most open to the outside and the first to yield to the new capitalist mentality.  It was, undoubtedly, the productive activity that contributed most to the national and international acknowledgment of the region and its identity. The explanation for the localization of this industry in northeastern Trás-os-Montes lies in its multi-secular tradition, nourished by silkworm creation, that is, by the existence of raw materials in that region, a virtuous cycle that is difficult to perceive. In this paper, which serves as a brief history of the silk industry in Trás-os-Montes during the Ancient Regime, we study the available sources that, although scarce, allow us to verify the irregular evolution of this industry, and the factors leading to its periods of depression and prosperity. Keywords: Trás-os-Montes, Bragança, Chacim, silk industry, Arnauds, Piedmont.

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The aim of this article is to present a sociolinguistic appraisal of Extremadura varieties among regional dialects of Spanish. Spanish of Extremadura has historically received influences from different linguistic varieties: Castilian, Portuguese, Old Leonese, and, more recently, Andalusian dialects. Extremadura is a territory where the prestigious Castilian fights with popular uses, exhibiting an innovative phonetics, combined with some old phonetic features, especially in the north, and archaisms in the lexical level. It is interesting to note the existence of two linguistic islands in the province of Cáceres: Malpartida de Plasencia and Serradilla.

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This article tackles the discourses of national identification produced by the inhabitants of a village close to the border between Portugal and Spain on the Guadiana river, in order to shed light on the persistence of the Castilians/Spaniards as the main collective partner, the “significant other” in the construction and reproduction, through difference, of Portuguese identity. Based on ethnographic materials collected approximately in the last two decades, it shows that, in the context under study, the representation of the personality of the Portuguese people emerges out of a structure of contrasts in relation to the representation of the Spaniards’ personality. Similarly, the contrast to the Castilians/Spaniards is the main leitmotif from which the Portuguese identity has been built over time. Keywords: national character; stereotypes; national identity; Iberian border.

Este artigo aborda os discursos de identificação nacional produzidos pelos habitantes de uma aldeia próxima da fronteira luso-espanhola no rio Guadiana, a fim de ilustrar a persistência dos castelhanos/espanhóis enquanto parceiro coletivo preferencial, o “outro significante” na construção e reprodução, pela diferença, da identidade portuguesa. Com base em materiais etnográficos recolhidos sensivelmente nas últimas duas décadas, o artigo mostra que, no contexto em estudo, a representação da personalidade dos portugueses emerge por oposição à representação da personalidade dos espanhóis. De igual modo, o contraste com os castelhanos/espanhóis é o principal leitmotiv a partir do qual se tem construído e reproduzido a identidade portuguesa ao longo dos tempos. Palavras-chave: caráter nacional; estereótipos; identidade nacional; fronteira ibérica.

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The international project Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (Thesaurus of the Galician and Portuguese heritage lexicon) aims to be a cross-dialectal lexical portal bringing together lexicographical material from Brazil, Galicia and Portugal in a single computer tool. This dialect portal will give direct access via Internet, free of charge, to a large body of lexicographical data much of which has until now remained unpublished and hard for researchers obtain. The lexical information in the Tesouro is fully lemmatized, semantically classified and geographically referenced, making it possible to obtain usefully grouped search results and generating a map representation corresponding to each data set. Besides its obvious value to dialect researchers and lexicographers, the Tesouro will also provide useful material for the study of names, historical linguistics, etymology, morphology and so on. This tool might also be exploited in ethnographical and historical research since it makes available to the scientific community a large amount of information about the inherited traditions, both material and immaterial, of all three countries, much of which is endangered on account of recent changes in traditional ways of life. Keywords: lexicography; Galician; Portuguese; lexical dialectology; linguistic geography.