Estudio del campo léxico de la vaca en gallego: el pescuezo

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

This article aims to present a sample of a broader project that has as objective to study the names regarding cow’s appearance and some parts of its body. I have chosen thirty lexical fields which best exemplify the different procedures that speakers follow for coining these names and in this article I will focus on the words that are used to designate cow’s neck. The answers for this concept have been extracted from the materials of the Atlas Lingüístico Galego and from a group of dialectal inquiries made in 1969 by undergraduate students; overall, they’re 381 points.

A bipartite structure for this work has been chosen: I analyze geographic distribution of different answers to this concept, sorting them according to speaker’s motive and putting them on a map. On the other hand, each form is studied on an individual basis, from several perspectives: etymology, morphological analysis, first data, lexicographic fortune or presence in literature, for example. This methodologic proposal try to complement current work on the Atlas Lingüístico Galego and similar jobs, that focus on geolinguistic distribution without paying attention to the aforementioned other aspects.

Eleven different lexical families (with some morphological variants) for ‘neck’ are commented in this article. Most important form is pescozo; we can also find colo and xugueira, and, with less vitality, cachazo, carrolo, gorxia, marmela, moleira, nobenillo, pulmoeira and taloeira. Perhaps there aren’t a lot of forms, but they are very interesting, because we can observe different linguistic and semantic procedures. Throughout this article, we show some examples of the importance of dialectal data to confute some etymological hypothesis and of the utility of lexicographical material to improve the understanding of some dialectal form; the necessity of looking at neighboring linguistic zones to analyze better the data is also demonstrated.

ÍNDICE: 1. Presentación e intenciones del proyecto || 2. Material primario | 2.1. El Atlas Lingüístico Galego (ALGa) | 2.2. Encuestas de estudiantes || 3. Material secundario || 4. La representación cartográfica de las formas || 5. Designaciones para el pescuezo de la vaca | 5.1. Forma pescozo y variantes | 5.2. Continuadores de un latín CŎLLU ‘pescuezo’ | 5.3. Designaciones referentes a aperos colocados en el pescuezo para las tareas agrícolas. Referencia al yugo: xugueira | 5.4. cachazo | 5.5. carrolo y derivados || 6. Respuestas minoritarias | 6.1. corpozo | 6.2. gorxia | 6.3. marmela | 6.4. moleira | 6.5. nobenillo | 6.6. pulmoeira | 6.7. taloeira || 7. Conclusión || 8. Referencias bibliográficas