Multidisciplinary bibliography of the Portugal-Spain border

ÍNDICE: 1. Delimitación da fronteira oriental da lingua galega | 2. A legalidade lingüística nos estatutos de autonomía | 3. Problemática sociolingüística na franxa oriental do galego | 4. Planificación lingüística no ensino

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

The screen, be it the cinema screen or the home screen, is acknowledged almost unanimously as a powerful means for the assertion of national languages or prestigious standards. Despite this, its power can also be extended to the defence of minority languages, official or not, and two of the most outstanding examples are the Catalan Regional Channels, such as TV3, EI33, or Canal Nou, and bilingual subtitling practices in Belgium (in French and Flemish). As far as Portugal is concerned, Mirandese became the second official language in 1999, a language spoken in Miranda do Douro, in the north-eastern part of Portugal, by about 10,000 speakers. It was “discovered” at the end of the 19th century by Leite de Vasconcellos, and only then did it meet its first written forms; the first spelling convention dates from 1999. Since Leite de Vasconcellos, many literary works, newspaper articles and translation of Portuguese classics have been put forth by various authors. However, the screen has not yet been conquered by Mirandese for economic and political reasons. We intend to answer some questions: What is there still to be achieved? What could the screen bring its speakers? Could the screen enable to bridge the generation gaps, to encourage the speakers’ self-esteem and identity?

Keywords: Minority languages, Mirandese, Audio Visual Translation.

[Sinopsis reproducida de BILEGA]

Estudo diacrónico que analiza a presenza das linguas prelatinas no noroeste da Península Ibérica e o seu posterior proceso de latinización. O autor advirte que neste campo de estudo cómpre conformarse coa elaboración de hipóteses, posto que son poucas e incompletas as fontes directas e indirectas que permitan a aproximación á devandita realidade. Así e todo, ao longo do traballo compleméntase a análise do material coa investigación realizada sobre a onomástica hispánica prerromana, cos froitos tirados dos distintos procedementos propios da lingüística histórico-comparativa, coas escasas noticias que achegan algúns autores clásicos ou cos que proxectan actualmente a sociolingüística dedicada ao contacto e substitución de linguas. Na primeira parte, trátanse os perfís de dúas linguas que na actualidade están en primeira liña de estudo: o celtibérico e o lusitano. É na Hispania prerromana, que durante décadas se tivo por máis intensamente indoeuropeizada, onde se situaban as terras que se coñecerían como Gallaecia e, respecto do material lingüístico indoeuropeo, non todo el é incontrovertiblemente céltico, senón que tamén hai outros elementos para os que se teñen ensaiado denominacións baseadas na posible procedencia xeográfica (lígures, ambróns, ilirios, véneto-ilirios ou alpinos), ofrecendo exemplos relacionados con fenómenos lingüísticos concretos que chegaron á actualidade e que se afastan dos do celta común. A continuación, afóndase no debate sobre a celtidade do lusitano e a consecuente discusión acerca da posible unidade lingüística prerromana na faixa occidental da Península Ibérica. Finalmente, neste apdo, trátase a presenza de materiais léxicos non indoeuropeos na lingua galega, apuntando que en determinados casos poderían ter orixes moi remotas, sobre as que se salientan dúas vías de penetración (pobos e linguas procedentes do resto de Europa e do Cáucaso e outras mediterráneas procedentes do norte de África e Oriente Próximo). Na segunda parte do traballo, dedicada á latinización da Gallaecia e á latinidade vulgar galaica, formúlase a hipótese de que a completa substitución da lingua ou linguas galaicas polo latín tivo que se dar a través dun proceso secular que tardou moito en chegar a todos os habitantes. Téntase ofrecer unha aproximación á unha cronoloxía da latinización no territorio peninsular, onde se pon de relevo a idea de que, concretamente no territorio estudado, produciríase o triunfo dun latín máis conservador por ser romanizado primariamente a partir da Baetica. A situación periférica resultou decisiva na conformación dunha latinidade vulgar galaica por dificultar a adopción de innovacións xurdidas na metrópole (achéganse exemplos de numerosas voces que o demostran). Conclúese que o proceso de latinización da Gallaecia resultou moi intenso, como corresponde a unha romanización que foi máis serodia e rural ca doutras áreas ibéricas pero non por iso menos profunda.

ÍNDICE: I. Notícia das línguas de Riodonor e de Guadramil | II. Observações acêrca do dialecto sendinês | III. Conclusão 

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

In the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, there are a variety of borders and transitional areas between three linguistic domains: a diffuse isogloss border between Castilian Spanish and Asturian-Leonese, a compressed iso-gloss border between Asturian-Leonese and Galician-Portuguese (in its Galician variety), and a clear border between Castilian Spanish and Galician- Portuguese (in its Portuguese variety). These limits do not coincide exactly with Spanish and Portuguese political borders.

The present article is an attempt to review the sociolinguistic situation of certain areas along these linguistic borders: a) Asturian-Galician, spoken in the westernmost part of Asturias, a speech form that can be described as a transitional dialect from Galician to Asturian, b) Leonese-Galician, spoken in the western part of Leon and Zamora, with characteristics similar to those of Asturian-Galician, c) Mirandese, spoken on the northeastern side of Portugal, an Asturian-Leonese speech gradually changing to Galician-Portuguese, d) Jálama speech, spoken in the western part of Cáceres, a kind of Galician-Portuguese influenced by Castilian Spanish an Asturian-Leonese language, and e) Oliventino speech from Olivenza (Badajoz) and Barranquenho speech from Barrancos (Alentejo), Portuguese speech forms influenced by Spanish. In each of these instances, a brief description of demography, glottology, linguistic awareness, legal status, schooling, publishing, mass media, institutions, associative networks, and linguistic standardization will be offered.

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

This paper discusses recent research findings within the borderland regions of southern Galicia and northern Portugal regarding the linguistic continuity and the use of language as a symbol of ethnic identity. A brief historical overview outlines the social, ethnic and cultural borders and their configuration within geographical and political frontiers. The notion of border regimes and synchronic cross-border geolinguistic diffusion is examined to determine the extent of mutual intelligibility, the distribution of contextual functions within the borderland communities and the extent of the dialectal continuum. The opinions of the borderland communities r egarding the issue of ethnolinguistic identities, their emblematic and unifying characterisations and impact within cross-border cultures are then examined, taking into consideration the official language status of both Galician and Portuguese within their respective territories. Speculative conclusions indicate that because of increased cross-border contact, phonetic levelling is occurring between the varieties.

Con ejemplos léxicos concretos, se analiza el influjo de los hechos históricos en la conformación de las diversas fronteras del andaluz.

Colección de más de cuatrocientas canciones populares cacereñas divididas en dos tipos: melodías de canto (de ronda, de bodas, de quintos, de Nochebuena, de faenas, religiosas y de cuna, de baile...) y melodías de gaita y tamboril (bailes, danzas y tocatas varias).

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

En tierras de Extremadura, se esconde un tesoro lingüístico que aporta una gran riqueza cultural a su comarca y a la región. Los habitantes de esta zona hablan una lengua conocida como a nosa fala o la fala del Valle de Jálama. Podemos considerarla una verdadera encrucijada lingüística, donde se da una situación de bilingüismo, por lo que es interesante su estudio para llevar a cabo una aproximación a esta realidad de vital importancia, no sólo para los habitantes del territorio en el que se desenvuelve, sino para los demás hablantes, ya que la fala se ha preservado durante siglos y continua viva en nuestros días. Palabras clave: etno-lingüística, tradición oral, trabajo de campo, análisis, folklore.

Across the lands of Extremadura there is hidden a linguistic treasure which contributes to enrich said region’s culture. Inhabitants within this area speak a language known as ‘a nosa fala’ or ‘fala’ of XálimaValley. It can be considered a truly linguistic crossroads, where bilingualism occurs, therefore, it is a field quite interesting in which to delve into realizing an approximation towards this very important reality, not only for those who inhabit the lands in which it develops, but for everyone who can speak it, because ‘fala’ has been preserved along centuries, being alive even nowadays. Keywords: ethno-linguistics, oral tradition, fieldwork, analysis, folklore.

ÍNDICE: Contextualización | Metodología. Un trabajo previo de recopilación | La elaboración de una encuesta guiada | Trabajo de campo. Preparación científica | Selección y relación de los informadores | Clasificación del material | Estudio del material. Transcripción | Estudio folklórico | Estudio etnográfico | Conclusión | Bibliografía